PRS sequence initialization

ABSTRACT

A UE receives a first configuration identifier for generating downlink PRSs or CSI-RSs. The first configuration identifier is an integer in a first range that includes a second range in which a scrambling identifier for generating a CSI-RS is. The UE receives modulation symbols on a set of resource elements allocated for carrying reference signals in an OFDM symbol in a slot in a radio frame. The UE generates a seed of a pseudo-random sequence for deriving the reference signals on the set of resource elements based on a wrapping result of a first output of a function using the first configuration identifier as a parameter and an offset. A second output of the function using a second configuration identifier as a parameter is the same as the first output. The second configuration identifier is in the second range and corresponding to the first configuration identifier.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application claims the benefits of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/836,776, entitled “INVENTION ON REFERENCE SIGNAL DESIGN FOR NR DOWNLINK POSITIONING: SEED GENERATION FOR SCRAMBLING SEQUENCE FOR RESOURCE FOR POSITIONING” and filed on Apr. 22, 2019, which is expressly incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

BACKGROUND Field

The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly, to techniques of receiving at a UE data transmission from multiple transmission points.

Background

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. There exists a need for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multi-access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ these technologies.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE receives a first configuration identifier for generating downlink positioning reference signals (PRSs) or CSI-RSs. The first configuration identifier is an integer in a first range that includes a second range in which a scrambling identifier for generating a channel state information (CSI) reference signal is. The UE receives modulation symbols on a set of resource elements allocated for carrying reference signals in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in a slot in a radio frame. The UE generates a seed of a pseudo-random sequence for deriving the reference signals on the set of resource elements based on a wrapping result of a first output of a function using the first configuration identifier as a parameter and an offset. A second output of the function using a second configuration identifier as a parameter is the same as the first output. The second configuration identifier is in the second range and corresponding to the first configuration identifier. The UE determines, based on the pseudo-random sequence initialized with the seed, the reference signals on the set of resource elements in the OFDM symbol.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a base station in communication with a UE in an access network.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example logical architecture of a distributed access network.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example physical architecture of a distributed access network.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a DL-centric subframe.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of an UL-centric subframe.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating that a transmission and reception point (TRP) communicates with a UE and in a slot.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating patterns of seed values generated by two generators.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating that two UEs handle reference signals received from a TRP.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a method (process) for receiving data transmitted from multiple TRPs.

FIG. 11 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the data flow between different components/means in an exemplary apparatus.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus employing a processing system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

Accordingly, in one or more example embodiments, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise a random-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the aforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network 100. The wireless communications system (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) includes base stations 102, UEs 104, and a core network 160. The base stations 102 may include macro cells (high power cellular base station) and/or small cells (low power cellular base station). The macro cells include base stations. The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells.

The base stations 102 (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) interface with the core network 160 through backhaul links 132 (e.g., S1 interface). In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 may perform one or more of the following functions: transfer of user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the core network 160) with each other over backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface). The backhaul links 134 may be wired or wireless.

The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102′ may have a coverage area 110′ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell and macro cells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs), which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and/or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104. The communication links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity. The communication links may be through one or more carriers. The base stations 102/UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100 MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in each direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or less carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL). The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the STAs 152/AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.

The small cell 102′ may operate in a licensed and/or an unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell 102′ may employ NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102′, employing NR in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to and/or increase capacity of the access network.

The gNodeB (gNB) 180 may operate in millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies and/or near mmW frequencies in communication with the UE 104. When the gNB 180 operates in mmW or near mmW frequencies, the gNB 180 may be referred to as an mmW base station. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in the band may be referred to as a millimeter wave. Near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave. Communications using the mmW/near mmW radio frequency band has extremely high path loss and a short range. The mmW base station 180 may utilize beamforming 184 with the UE 104 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range.

The core network 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. The MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the core network 160. Generally, the MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through the Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDN Gateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to the IP Services 176. The IP Services 176 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PS Streaming Service (PSS), and/or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the base stations 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and may be responsible for session management (start/stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.

The base station may also be referred to as a gNB, Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 160 for a UE 104. Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a toaster, or any other similar functioning device. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, etc.). The UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a base station 210 in communication with a UE 250 in an access network. In the DL, IP packets from the core network 160 may be provided to a controller/processor 275. The controller/processor 275 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller/processor 275 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression/decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

The transmit (TX) processor 216 and the receive (RX) processor 270 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding/decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation/demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 216 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/or frequency domain, and then combined together using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 274 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and/or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 250. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 220 via a separate transmitter 218TX. Each transmitter 218TX may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

At the UE 250, each receiver 254RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 252. Each receiver 254RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 256. The TX processor 268 and the RX processor 256 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 256 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 250. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 250, they may be combined by the RX processor 256 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 256 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 210. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 258. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 210 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller/processor 259, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

The controller/processor 259 can be associated with a memory 260 that stores program codes and data. The memory 260 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 259 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the core network 160. The controller/processor 259 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DL transmission by the base station 210, the controller/processor 259 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression/decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 258 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 210 may be used by the TX processor 268 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 268 may be provided to different antenna 252 via separate transmitters 254TX. Each transmitter 254TX may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission. The UL transmission is processed at the base station 210 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 250. Each receiver 218RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 220. Each receiver 218RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 270.

The controller/processor 275 can be associated with a memory 276 that stores program codes and data. The memory 276 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 275 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 250. IP packets from the controller/processor 275 may be provided to the core network 160. The controller/processor 275 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

New radio (NR) may refer to radios configured to operate according to a new air interface (e.g., other than Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiple Access (OFDMA)-based air interfaces) or fixed transport layer (e.g., other than Internet Protocol (IP)). NR may utilize OFDM with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink and may include support for half-duplex operation using time division duplexing (TDD). NR may include Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) service targeting wide bandwidth (e.g. 80 MHz beyond), millimeter wave (mmW) targeting high carrier frequency (e.g. 60 GHz), massive MTC (mMTC) targeting non-backward compatible MTC techniques, and/or mission critical targeting ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) service.

A single component carrier bandwidth of 100 MHZ may be supported. In one example, NR resource blocks (RBs) may span 12 sub-carriers with a sub-carrier bandwidth of 60 kHz over a 0.125 ms duration or a bandwidth of 15 kHz over a 0.5 ms duration. Each radio frame may consist of 20 or 80 subframes (or NR slots) with a length of 10 ms. Each subframe may indicate a link direction (i.e., DL or UL) for data transmission and the link direction for each subframe may be dynamically switched. Each subframe may include DL/UL data as well as DL/UL control data. UL and DL subframes for NR may be as described in more detail below with respect to FIGS. 5 and 6.

The NR RAN may include a central unit (CU) and distributed units (DUs). A NR BS (e.g., gNB, 5G Node B, Node B, transmission reception point (TRP), access point (AP)) may correspond to one or multiple BSs. NR cells can be configured as access cells (ACells) or data only cells (DCells). For example, the RAN (e.g., a central unit or distributed unit) can configure the cells. DCells may be cells used for carrier aggregation or dual connectivity and may not be used for initial access, cell selection/reselection, or handover. In some cases DCells may not transmit synchronization signals (SS) in some cases DCells may transmit SS. NR BSs may transmit downlink signals to UEs indicating the cell type. Based on the cell type indication, the UE may communicate with the NR BS. For example, the UE may determine NR BSs to consider for cell selection, access, handover, and/or measurement based on the indicated cell type.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example logical architecture of a distributed RAN 300, according to aspects of the present disclosure. A 5G access node 306 may include an access node controller (ANC) 302. The ANC may be a central unit (CU) of the distributed RAN 300. The backhaul interface to the next generation core network (NG-CN) 304 may terminate at the ANC. The backhaul interface to neighboring next generation access nodes (NG-ANs) may terminate at the ANC. The ANC may include one or more TRPs 308 (which may also be referred to as BSs, NR BSs, Node Bs, 5G NBs, APs, or some other term). As described above, a TRP may be used interchangeably with “cell.”

The TRPs 308 may be a distributed unit (DU). The TRPs may be connected to one ANC (ANC 302) or more than one ANC (not illustrated). For example, for RAN sharing, radio as a service (RaaS), and service specific AND deployments, the TRP may be connected to more than one ANC. A TRP may include one or more antenna ports. The TRPs may be configured to individually (e.g., dynamic selection) or jointly (e.g., joint transmission) serve traffic to a UE.

The local architecture of the distributed RAN 300 may be used to illustrate fronthaul definition. The architecture may be defined that support fronthauling solutions across different deployment types. For example, the architecture may be based on transmit network capabilities (e.g., bandwidth, latency, and/or jitter). The architecture may share features and/or components with LTE. According to aspects, the next generation AN (NG-AN) 310 may support dual connectivity with NR. The NG-AN may share a common fronthaul for LTE and NR.

The architecture may enable cooperation between and among TRPs 308. For example, cooperation may be preset within a TRP and/or across TRPs via the ANC 302. According to aspects, no inter-TRP interface may be needed/present.

According to aspects, a dynamic configuration of split logical functions may be present within the architecture of the distributed RAN 300. The PDCP, RLC, MAC protocol may be adaptably placed at the ANC or TRP.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example physical architecture of a distributed RAN 400, according to aspects of the present disclosure. A centralized core network unit (C-CU) 402 may host core network functions. The C-CU may be centrally deployed. C-CU functionality may be offloaded (e.g., to advanced wireless services (AWS)), in an effort to handle peak capacity. A centralized RAN unit (C-RU) 404 may host one or more ANC functions. Optionally, the C-RU may host core network functions locally. The C-RU may have distributed deployment. The C-RU may be closer to the network edge. A distributed unit (DU) 406 may host one or more TRPs. The DU may be located at edges of the network with radio frequency (RF) functionality.

FIG. 5 is a diagram 500 showing an example of a DL-centric subframe. The DL-centric subframe may include a control portion 502. The control portion 502 may exist in the initial or beginning portion of the DL-centric subframe. The control portion 502 may include various scheduling information and/or control information corresponding to various portions of the DL-centric subframe. In some configurations, the control portion 502 may be a physical DL control channel (PDCCH), as indicated in FIG. 5. The DL-centric subframe may also include a DL data portion 504. The DL data portion 504 may sometimes be referred to as the payload of the DL-centric subframe. The DL data portion 504 may include the communication resources utilized to communicate DL data from the scheduling entity (e.g., UE or BS) to the subordinate entity (e.g., UE). In some configurations, the DL data portion 504 may be a physical DL shared channel (PDSCH).

The DL-centric subframe may also include a common UL portion 506. The common UL portion 506 may sometimes be referred to as an UL burst, a common UL burst, and/or various other suitable terms. The common UL portion 506 may include feedback information corresponding to various other portions of the DL-centric subframe. For example, the common UL portion 506 may include feedback information corresponding to the control portion 502. Non-limiting examples of feedback information may include an ACK signal, a NACK signal, a HARQ indicator, and/or various other suitable types of information. The common UL portion 506 may include additional or alternative information, such as information pertaining to random access channel (RACH) procedures, scheduling requests (SRs), and various other suitable types of information.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, the end of the DL data portion 504 may be separated in time from the beginning of the common UL portion 506. This time separation may sometimes be referred to as a gap, a guard period, a guard interval, and/or various other suitable terms. This separation provides time for the switch-over from DL communication (e.g., reception operation by the subordinate entity (e.g., UE)) to UL communication (e.g., transmission by the subordinate entity (e.g., UE)). One of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the foregoing is merely one example of a DL-centric subframe and alternative structures having similar features may exist without necessarily deviating from the aspects described herein.

FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 showing an example of an UL-centric subframe. The UL-centric subframe may include a control portion 602. The control portion 602 may exist in the initial or beginning portion of the UL-centric subframe. The control portion 602 in FIG. 6 may be similar to the control portion 502 described above with reference to FIG. 5. The UL-centric subframe may also include an UL data portion 604. The UL data portion 604 may sometimes be referred to as the pay load of the UL-centric subframe. The UL portion may refer to the communication resources utilized to communicate UL data from the subordinate entity (e.g., UE) to the scheduling entity (e.g., UE or BS). In some configurations, the control portion 602 may be a physical DL control channel (PDCCH).

As illustrated in FIG. 6, the end of the control portion 602 may be separated in time from the beginning of the UL data portion 604. This time separation may sometimes be referred to as a gap, guard period, guard interval, and/or various other suitable terms. This separation provides time for the switch-over from DL communication (e.g., reception operation by the scheduling entity) to UL communication (e.g., transmission by the scheduling entity). The UL-centric subframe may also include a common UL portion 606. The common UL portion 606 in FIG. 6 may be similar to the common UL portion 506 described above with reference to FIG. 5. The common UL portion 606 may additionally or alternatively include information pertaining to channel quality indicator (CQI), sounding reference signals (SRSs), and various other suitable types of information. One of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the foregoing is merely one example of an UL-centric subframe and alternative structures having similar features may exist without necessarily deviating from the aspects described herein.

In some circumstances, two or more subordinate entities (e.g., UEs) may communicate with each other using sidelink signals. Real-world applications of such sidelink communications may include public safety, proximity services, UE-to-network relaying, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, Internet of Everything (IoE) communications, IoT communications, mission-critical mesh, and/or various other suitable applications. Generally, a sidelink signal may refer to a signal communicated from one subordinate entity (e.g., UE1) to another subordinate entity (e.g., UE2) without relaying that communication through the scheduling entity (e.g., UE or BS), even though the scheduling entity may be utilized for scheduling and/or control purposes. In some examples, the sidelink signals may be communicated using a licensed spectrum (unlike wireless local area networks, which typically use an unlicensed spectrum).

In the present disclosure, one or more terms or features are defined or described in “3GPP TS 38.211 V15.5.0 (2019 March) Technical Specification; 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; NR; Physical channels and modulation (Release 15),” which is are expressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIG. 7 is a diagram 700 illustrating that a transmission and reception point (TRP) 702 communicates with a UE 704 and in a slot 750. Resources in the slot 750 that are utilized by the TRP 702 and the UE 704 can be represented as a resource grid 760. In the frequency domain, the resource grid 760 includes multiple physical resource blocks (PRBs) such as a PRB 762-0, a PRB 762-1, etc. In this example, the slot 750 includes 14 OFDM symbols, namely, OFDM symbol 0 to OFDM symbol 13. Each PRB includes 12 subcarriers, namely, subcarrier 0 to subcarrier 11.

Further, the TRP 702 may use one or more antenna ports to transmit channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) 712 in the slot 750. In this example, the TRP 702 transmits CSI-RS 712-1 to CSI-RS 712-4 in the PRB 762-0 within the slot 750; the TRP 702 transmits CSI-RS 712-5 to CSI-RS 712-8 in the PRB 762-1 within the slot 750.

The CSI-RSs 712 are used for downlink CSI estimation. The CSI-RSs 712 may further support reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements for mobility and beam management (including analog beamforming), time/frequency tracking for demodulation, and uplink reciprocity-based precoding.

To generate the CSI-RSs 712 in a particular OFDM symbol, the TRP 702 may initialize a selected pseudo-random sequence function with a seed to generate a CSI-RS sequence. The TRP 702 further modulates the CSI-RS sequence to obtain modulation symbols. The TRP 702 then maps the modulation symbols to different subcarriers for transmission in the particular OFDM symbol. For example, the pseudo-random sequences may be defined by a length-31 Gold sequence. The initial seed is represented by 31 bits. Hence the total number of the initial seeds is 2³¹.

In one technique, a seed c_(init) is generated based on the following equation (1)

$c_{init} = {\left( {{{2^{10} \cdot \left( {{N_{symb}^{slot}n_{s,f}^{\mu}} + l + 1} \right)}\left( {{2 \cdot \left( {n_{i\; d}{mod}\; 1024} \right)} + 1} \right)} + \left( {n_{id}{mod}\; 1024} \right) + {a \cdot \left\lfloor \frac{n_{id}}{1024} \right\rfloor}} \right){mod}\;{2^{31}.}}$

N_(symb) ^(slot) is a number of OFDM symbols in a slot (14 in this example). n_(s,f) ^(μ) is a slot index of the particular slot (e.g., the slot 750) in a radio frame. l is an OFDM symbol index of the particular OFDM symbol. For example, the CSI-RS 712-1, CSI-RS 712-2, CSI-RS 712-5, and CSI-RS 712-6 are in the OFDM symbol 9; the corresponding l has a value 9. In addition, a may be one of 2²², 2²³, 2²⁴, 2²⁵, 2²⁶, 2²⁷, 2²⁸, and 2²⁹.

Further, n_(id) is a configuration identifier. For example, the n_(id) may be a scrambling identifier for generating a CSI-RS. The n_(id) may be a sequence generation configuration. In a first configuration, the n_(id) is in a range from 0 to 1023 inclusive.

As the equation (1) described supra supports configuration identifier greater than 1023, in a second configuration, the configuration identifier may be in a range from 0 to an upper limit (inclusive) that is greater than 1023. For example, the upper limit may be 4095. The component

$a \cdot \left\lfloor \frac{n_{id}}{1024} \right\rfloor$ in the equation (1) is an offset used to avoid overlapping on the seed value for n_(id) greater than 1023.

The component (N_(symb) ^(slot)n_(s,f) ^(μ)+l+1) in the equation (1) may be denoted as x. The component (n_(id) mod 1024) may be denoted as y. Accordingly, the equation (1) can be rewritten as the following equation (2):

$\left( {{y \cdot \left( {{2^{11} \cdot x} + 1} \right)} + {2^{10} \cdot x} + {a \cdot \left\lfloor \frac{n_{id}}{1024} \right\rfloor}} \right){mod}\;{2^{31}.}$ The component x is in the range of (0 to 14*160−1). Thus, the range of x*y*2¹¹ may exceed 2³². The offset value

$\left( {{i.e.},{a \cdot \left\lfloor \frac{n_{id}}{1024} \right\rfloor}} \right)$ should be less than 2³¹. Therefore, the parameter a is larger than 2²¹. In particular, as described supra, a is one of 2²², 2²³ 2²⁴, 2²⁵, 2²⁶, 2²⁷, 2²⁸, and 2²⁹. The value 2²⁹ is suitable for n_(id) that is less than 4096. When a is 2²⁸, n_(id) can support the range from 0 to 2¹³−1 inclusive. When a is 2²⁷, n_(id) can support the range from 0 to 2¹⁴−1 inclusive. When a is 2²⁶, n_(id) can support the range from 0 to 2¹⁵−1 inclusive. When a is 2²⁵, n_(id) can support the range from 0 to 2¹⁶−1 inclusive. When a is 2²⁴, n_(id) can support the range from 0 to 2¹⁷−1 inclusive. When a is 2²³, n_(id) can support the range from 0 to 2¹⁸−1 inclusive. When a is 2²², n_(id) can support the range from 0 to 2¹⁹−1 inclusive.

FIG. 8 is a diagram 800 illustrating seed values generated by the equation (1) described supra. A pattern 810 shows seed values generated by the equation (1) by two group of configuration identifiers (n_(id)). As shown, seed values generated by a first group of configuration identifiers (e.g., 0 to 1023) are interlaced with seed values generated by a second group of configuration identifiers (e.g., 1024 to 2047). This interlaced behavior is caused by the offset

$a \cdot \left\lfloor \frac{n_{id}}{1024} \right\rfloor$ as well as the modulo operation (mod 2³¹) in the equation (1).

A pattern 830 shows the seed values generated by a typical seed generator using the two group of configuration identifiers. In particular, the seed generator may not implement a modulo operation. The pattern 830 shows a non-interlaced behavior. As shown, seed values generated by a first group of configuration identifiers (e.g., 0 to 1023) do not interlace with and are separated from seed values generated by a second group of configuration identifiers (e.g., 1024 to 2047).

Referring back to FIG. 7, as described supra, the TRP 702 can determine a seed c_(init) for a particular OFDM symbol in the slot 750 and further use the seed c_(init) to derive a CSI-RS sequence. The TRP 702 further modulate the CSI-RS sequence to obtain modulation symbols to be carried on the subcarriers in the particular OFDM symbol. For example, with respect to the OFDM symbol 9, the obtained modulation symbols may include the CSI-RS 712-1, CSI-RS 712-2, CSI-RS 712-5, and CSI-RS 712-6. Subsequently, the TRP 702 transmits the modulation symbols to the UE 704.

The UE 704 receives the n_(id) described supra, for example, through a higher layer signaling such as a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message. Accordingly, for a particular OFDM symbol in the slot 750, the UE 704 can generate the seed c_(init) as described supra based on the equation (1). Further, based on the seed c_(init), the UE 704 can determine the CSI-RS sequence used by the TRP 702 to obtain the modulation symbols. The UE 704 can determine a subset of the CSI-RSs 712 that is directed to the UE 704 based on other configurations. In this example, the CSI-RS 712-1 and the CSI-RS 712-5 may be directed to the UE 704. Based on the CSI-RS sequence, the UE 704 can determine the expected (or ideal) modulation symbols to be received as CSI-RSs from the TRP 702. By comparing the CSI-RSs actually received and the expected CSI-RSs determined from the CSI-RS sequence, the UE 704 can calculate the RSRP etc. and determine the channel state of the UE 704.

FIG. 9 is a diagram 900 illustrating that two UEs handle reference signals received from a TRP. In this example, the TRP 702 and the UE 704, described supra, communicate on a cell 910. In addition, a TRP 703 communicates with a UE 705 on a cell 920. The TRP 702 transmits reference signals 930, which can be received at the UE 704 and the UE 705. The TRP 702 may transmit the n_(id) to the UE 704 as a scrambling ID or a sequence generation configuration associated with CSI-RSs through a higher layer signaling. As such, the UE 704 is configured to treat the reference signals 930 as CSI-RS. The UE 704 processes the reference signals 930 in a similar manner as processing the CSI-RSs 712.

On the other hand, the TRP 702 may transmit the n_(id) to the UE 705 as a downlink PRS sequence ID associated with positioning reference signals (PRSs). Accordingly, the UE 705 is configured to treat the reference signals 930 as PRSs. The UE 705 uses the following equation (3) to generate a seed c_(init) ^(PRS) for a PRS sequence:

$C_{init}^{PRS} = {\left( {{2^{10}\left( {{N_{symb}^{slot}n_{s,f}^{\mu}} + l + 1} \right)\left( {{2 \cdot \left( {n_{id}{mod}\; 1024} \right)} + 1} \right)} + \left( {n_{id}{mod}\; 1024} \right) + {a \cdot \left\lfloor \frac{n_{id}}{1024} \right\rfloor}} \right){mod}\;{2^{31}.}}$

Based on the seed C_(init) ^(PRS), the UE 705 can initiate a PRS sequence and determine the PRSs to be received. Using the example shown in FIG. 7, the CSI-RSs 712 in the OFDM symbol 9 may be directed to the UE 704, and the CSI-RSs 712 in the OFDM symbol 10 may be directed to another UE in the cell 910. Further, from the perspective of the UE 705, the reference signals in the OFDM symbol 9 and OFDM symbol 10 are all PRSs. Based on the PRSs, the UE 705 can determine a time of arrival and RSRP, and further derive the position of the UE 705 with other information.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart 1000 of a method (process) for processing reference signals. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 704, the UE 705, the apparatus 1102, and the apparatus 1102′).

At operation 1002, the UE receives a first configuration identifier for generating downlink PRSs or CSI-RSs. The first configuration identifier is an integer in a first range (e.g., 0˜2047) that includes a second range (e.g., 0˜1023) in which a scrambling identifier for generating a CSI-RS is. At operation 1004, the UE receives modulation symbols on a set of resource elements allocated for carrying reference signals in an OFDM symbol in a slot in a radio frame.

At operation 1006, the UE generates a seed of a sequence for deriving the reference signals on the set of resource elements based on a wrapping result of a first output of a function using the first configuration identifier (e.g., n_(id)) as a parameter and an offset. For example, the sequence may be a pseudo-random sequence. Further, the function is capable of being used to output a second output that is the same as the first output when using a second configuration identifier as a parameter. The second configuration identifier is in the second range and corresponds to the first configuration identifier. At operation 1008, the UE determines, based on the sequence initialized with the seed, the reference signals on the set of resource elements in the OFDM symbol.

In particular, the first configuration identifier and the second configuration identifier may have a correspondence relationship defined by a modulo operation. For example, the value of the second identifier (e.g., 1) may be equal to the value of the first identifier (e.g., 1025) modulo a predetermined number (e.g., 1024; 1=1025 mod 1024). As such, the second identifier is considered to be corresponding to the first identifier.

In certain configurations, the function further uses a number of OFDM symbols in a slot, a slot index of the slot in the radio frame, and an OFDM symbol index of the OFDM symbol as parameters. In certain configurations, the function is 2¹⁰(N _(symb) ^(slot) ,n _(s,f) ^(μ) +l+1)(2·(n _(id) mod 1024)+1)+(n _(id) mod 1024). N_(symb) ^(slot) is a number of OFDM symbols in a slot. n_(s,f) ^(μ) is a slot index of the slot in the radio frame. n_(id) is the first configuration identifier or the second configuration identifier. l is an OFDM symbol index of the OFDM symbol. Accordingly, the first output is: 2¹⁰(N _(symb) ^(slot) ,n _(s,f) ^(μ) +l+1)(2·(1025 mod 1024)+1)+(1025 mod 1024). And the second output is: 2¹⁰(N _(symb) ^(slot) ,n _(s,f) ^(μ) +l+1)(2·(1 mod 1024)+1)+(1 mod 1024).

In certain configurations, the UE is configured to treat the reference signals as CSI-RSs. Accordingly, at operation 1010, the UE determines a channel state based on the received modulation symbols and the reference signals. In certain configurations, the UE is configured to treat the reference signals as downlink PRSs. Accordingly, at operation 1012, the UE determines a time of arrival and RSRP based on the received modulation symbols and the reference signals.

In certain configurations, the first configuration identifier is received through a higher layer message. In certain configurations, the wrapping result is obtained by a sum of the first output and the offset modulo 2³¹.

In certain configurations, the offset is an offset integer multiplied by an offset factor, the offset integer being the greatest integer that is less than or equal to the first configuration identifier divided by 1024. The offset factor may be one of 2²², 2²³, 2²⁴, 2²⁵, 2²⁶, 2²⁷, 2²⁸, and 2²⁹. The first configuration identifier may be an integer less than 2^((41-m)) when the offset factor is equal to 2^(m), and m being an integer between 22 and 29 inclusive. In certain configurations, the offset is

$a \cdot \left\lfloor \frac{n_{id}}{1024} \right\rfloor \cdot a$ is the offset factor, and

$\left\lfloor \frac{n_{id}}{1024} \right\rfloor$ is the offset integer.

In certain configurations, a maximum output of the function is greater than the offset. In certain configurations, the second configuration identifier is the first configuration identifier modulo 1024.

FIG. 11 is a conceptual data flow diagram 1100 illustrating the data flow between different components/means in an exemplary apparatus 1102. The apparatus 1102 may be a UE. The apparatus 1102 includes a reception component 1104, a reference signal component 1106, a demodulation component 1108, and a transmission component 1110. FIG. 11 is a conceptual data flow diagram 1100 illustrating the data flow between different components/means in an exemplary apparatus 1102. The apparatus 1102 may be a UE. The apparatus 1102 includes a reception component 1104, a reference signal component 1106, a demodulation component 1108, and a transmission component 1110.

The reference signal component 1106 receives a first configuration identifier for generating a downlink PRS. The first configuration identifier is an integer in a first range that includes a second range in which a scrambling identifier for generating a CSI-RS is. The demodulation component 1108 receives modulation symbols on a set of resource elements allocated for carrying reference signals in an OFDM symbol in a slot in a radio frame.

The reference signal component 1106 generates a seed of a sequence for deriving the reference signals on the set of resource elements based on a wrapping result of a first output of a function using the first configuration identifier as a parameter and an offset. For example, the sequence may be a pseudo-random sequence. Further, the function is capable of being used to output a second output that is the same as the first output when using a second configuration identifier as a parameter. The second configuration identifier is in the second range and corresponds to the first configuration identifier. The reference signal component 1106 determines, based on the sequence initialized with the seed, the reference signals on the set of resource elements in the OFDM symbol.

In particular, the first configuration identifier and the second configuration identifier may have a correspondence relationship defined by a modulo relationship. For example, the value of the second identifier (e.g., 1) may be equal to the value of the first identifier (e.g., 1025) modulo a predetermined number (e.g., 1024; 1=1025 mod 1024). As such, the second identifier is considered to be corresponding to the first identifier.

In certain configurations, the function further uses a number of OFDM symbols in a slot, a slot index of the slot in the radio frame, and an OFDM symbol index of the OFDM symbol as parameters. In certain configurations, the function is 2¹⁰(N _(symb) ^(slot) ,n _(s,f) ^(μ) +l+1)(2·(n _(id) mod 1024)+1)+(n _(id) mod 1024).

N_(symb) ^(slot) is a number of OFDM symbols in a slot. n_(s,f) ^(μ) is a slot index of the slot in the radio frame. n_(id) is the first configuration identifier or the second configuration identifier. l is an OFDM symbol index of the OFDM symbol. Accordingly, the first output is: 2¹⁰(N _(symb) ^(slot) ,n _(s,f) ^(μ) +l+1)(2·(1025 mod 1024)+1)+(1025 mod 1024). And the second output is: 2¹⁰(N _(symb) ^(slot) ,n _(s,f) ^(μ) +l+1)(2·(1 mod 1024)+1)+(1 mod 1024).

In certain configurations, the reference signal component 1106 is configured to treat the reference signals as CSI-RSs. Accordingly, the reference signal component 1106 determines a channel state based on the received modulation symbols and the reference signals. In certain configurations, the reference signal component 1106 is configured to treat the reference signals as downlink PRSs. Accordingly, the reference signal component 1106 determines a time of arrival and RSRP based on the received modulation symbols and the reference signals.

In certain configurations, the first configuration identifier is received through a higher layer message. In certain configurations, the wrapping result is obtained by a sum of the first output and the offset modulo 2³¹.

In certain configurations, the offset is an offset integer multiplied by an offset factor, the offset integer being the greatest integer that is less than or equal to the first configuration identifier divided by 1024. The offset factor may be one of 2²², 2²³, 2²⁴ 2²⁵, 2²⁶, 2²⁷, 2²⁸, and 2²⁹. The first configuration identifier may be an integer less than 2^((41-m)) when the offset factor is equal to 2^(m), and m being an integer between 22 and 29 inclusive. In certain configurations, the offset is

$a \cdot \left\lfloor \frac{n_{id}}{1024} \right\rfloor \cdot a$ is the offset factor, and

$\left\lfloor \frac{n_{id}}{1024} \right\rfloor$ is the offset integer.

In certain configurations, a maximum output of the function is greater than the offset. In certain configurations, the second configuration identifier is the first configuration identifier modulo 1024.

FIG. 12 is a diagram 1200 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1102′ employing a processing system 1214. The apparatus 1102′ may be a UE. The processing system 1214 may be implemented with a bus architecture, represented generally by a bus 1224. The bus 1224 may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the processing system 1214 and the overall design constraints. The bus 1224 links together various circuits including one or more processors and/or hardware components, represented by one or more processors 1204, the reception component 1104, the reference signal component 1106, the demodulation component 1108, the transmission component 1110, and a computer-readable medium/memory 1206. The bus 1224 may also link various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, etc.

The processing system 1214 may be coupled to a transceiver 1210, which may be one or more of the transceivers 354. The transceiver 1210 is coupled to one or more antennas 1220, which may be the communication antennas 352.

The transceiver 1210 provides a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium. The transceiver 1210 receives a signal from the one or more antennas 1220, extracts information from the received signal, and provides the extracted information to the processing system 1214, specifically the reception component 1104. In addition, the transceiver 1210 receives information from the processing system 1214, specifically the transmission component 1110, and based on the received information, generates a signal to be applied to the one or more antennas 1220.

The processing system 1214 includes one or more processors 1204 coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory 1206. The one or more processors 1204 are responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium/memory 1206. The software, when executed by the one or more processors 1204, causes the processing system 1214 to perform the various functions described supra for any particular apparatus. The computer-readable medium/memory 1206 may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the one or more processors 1204 when executing software. The processing system 1214 further includes at least one of the reception component 1104, the reference signal component 1106, the demodulation component 1108, and the transmission component 1110. The components may be software components running in the one or more processors 1204, resident/stored in the computer readable medium/memory 1206, one or more hardware components coupled to the one or more processors 1204, or some combination thereof. The processing system 1214 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and/or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the communication processor 359.

In one configuration, the apparatus 1102/apparatus 1102′ for wireless communication includes means for performing each of the operations of FIG. 10. The aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned components of the apparatus 1102 and/or the processing system 1214 of the apparatus 1102′ configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.

As described supra, the processing system 1214 may include the TX Processor 368, the RX Processor 356, and the communication processor 359. As such, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be the TX Processor 368, the RX Processor 356, and the communication processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.

It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes/flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of exemplary approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes/flowcharts may be rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof include any combination of A, B, and/or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means.” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.” 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of wireless communication of a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving a first configuration identifier for generating downlink positioning reference signal (PRSs) or channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs); receiving modulation symbols on a set of resource elements allocated for carrying reference signals in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in a slot in a radio frame; generating a seed of a sequence for deriving the reference signals on the set of resource elements based on a wrapping result of (a) an offset calculated based on the first configuration identifier and (b) a first output of a function using the first configuration identifier and a number of OFDM symbols in the slot as parameters; initializing the sequence with the seed; and determining, based on the sequence initialized with the seed, the reference signals on the set of resource elements in the OFDM symbol.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining, at the UE, a channel state based on the received modulation symbols and the reference signals when the reference signals is treated as CSI-RSs.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining, at the UE, a time of arrival and reference signal received power (RSRP) based on the received modulation symbols and the reference signals when the reference signals is treated as downlink PRSs.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the function further uses a slot index of the slot in the radio frame, and an OFDM symbol index of the OFDM symbol as parameters.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the function is 2¹⁰(N _(symb) ^(slot) n _(s,f) ^(μ) +l+1)(2·(n _(id) mod 1024)+1)+(n _(id) mod 1024), N_(symb) ^(slot) being the number of OFDM symbols in the slot, n_(s,f) ^(μ) being a slot index of the slot in the radio frame, n_(id) being the first configuration identifier, and l being an OFDM symbol index of the OFDM symbol.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first configuration identifier is received through a higher layer message.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the wrapping result is obtained by a sum of the first output and the offset modulo 2³¹.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the offset is an offset integer multiplied by an offset factor, the offset integer being the greatest integer that is less than or equal to the first configuration identifier divided by
 1024. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the offset factor is one of 2²², 2²³, 2²⁴, 2²⁵, 2²⁶, 2²⁷, 2²⁸, and 2²⁹.
 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the first configuration identifier is an integer less than 2^((41-m)) when the offset factor is equal to 2^(m), and m being an integer between 22 and 29 inclusive.
 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the offset is ${a \cdot \left\lfloor \frac{n_{id}}{1024} \right\rfloor},$ wherein a being the offset factor, $\left\lfloor \frac{n_{id}}{1024} \right\rfloor$ being the offset integer.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein a maximum output of the function is greater than the offset.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the function is capable of being used to output a second output that is the same as the first output when using a second configuration identifier as a parameter, and the second configuration identifier is the first configuration identifier modulo
 1024. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first configuration identifier is an integer in a first range that includes a second range in which a scrambling identifier for generating a CSI-RS is, wherein the second configuration identifier is in the second range and corresponds to the first configuration identifier.
 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence is a pseudo-random sequence.
 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the offset is
 0. 17. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus being a user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to: receive a first configuration identifier for generating downlink positioning reference signal (PRSs) or channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs); receive modulation symbols on a set of resource elements allocated for carrying reference signals in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in a slot in a radio frame; generate a seed of a sequence for deriving the reference signals on the set of resource elements based on a wrapping result of (a) an offset calculated based on the first configuration identifier and (b) a first output of a function using the first configuration identifier and a number of OFDM symbols in the slot as parameters; initialize the sequence with the seed; and determine, based on the sequence initialized with the seed, the reference signals on the set of resource elements in the OFDM symbol.
 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the function is 2¹⁰(N _(symb) ^(slot) n _(s,f) ^(μ) +l+1)(2·(n _(id) mod 1024)+1)+(n _(id) mod 1024), N_(symb) ^(slot) being the number of OFDM symbols in the slot, n_(s,f) ^(μ) being a slot index of the slot in the radio frame, n_(id) being the first configuration identifier, and l being an OFDM symbol index of the OFDM symbol.
 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the wrapping result is obtained by a sum of the first output and the offset modulo 2³¹.
 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the offset is an offset integer multiplied by an offset factor, the offset integer being the greatest integer that is less than or equal to the first configuration identifier divided by 1024, wherein the offset factor is one of 2²², 2²³, 2²⁴, 2²⁵, 2²⁶, 2²⁷, 2²⁸, and 2²⁹. 